Biphasic monolithic osteochondral scaffolds obtained by diffusion-limited enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel

Biphasic monolithic materials for the treatment of osteochondral defects were produced from polysaccharide hydrogel, gellan gum (GG). GG was enzymatically mineralized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in presence calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP). The desired distribution phosphate (CaP) mineral phase achieved limiting availability CaGP to specific parts sample. Therefore, mineralization facilitated diffusion CaGP, causing formation CaP gradient. analyzed along cross section GG. a gradient mainly affected time and ALP concentration. confirmed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman mapping, as well energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping interphase. microstructure non-mineralized material characterized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) atomic force (AFM) showing sub-micrometer crystal formation, resulting increased surface roughness. Compression tests rheometric analyzes showed 10-fold increase stiffness part. Concomitantly, micromechanical performed AFM an Young's modulus 17.8 more than 200 kPa. In vitro evaluation biphasic scaffolds contact with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. preferentially colonized cells over parts. results that structure properties can be made using diffusion-limited enzymatic method.